For many people experiencing minor bouts of vertigo, making some simple lifestyle changes and trying natural home remedies may help relieve symptoms. Staying hydrated, getting plenty of rest, avoiding triggers, and using relaxation techniques can help calm the inner ear and reduce vertigo.
Over-the-Counter Medications
For milder cases of Vertigo Treatments, over-the-counter (OTC) medications are often recommended as the first line of treatment. Common OTC options include antihistamines, which can help dry up excess inner ear fluid and relieve pressure and inflammation. Motion sickness medication containing ingredients like meclizine or dimenhydrinate can also provide symptom relief. Taking OTC medications as soon as vertigo symptoms start can help shorten the duration.
Prescription Medications
If lifestyle changes and OTC drugs don't fully resolve vertigo, prescription medications may be required. Common prescriptions for vertigo include corticosteroids which reduce inflammation, anticholinergics which help control symptoms, and antinausea medications. For those who suffer repeat bouts, low dose anticonvulsants prescribed daily may prevent vertigo attacks. Prescription medications require an evaluation by a doctor to determine the best course of treatment.
Vestibular Rehabilitation Therapy
For patients with persistent or recurring vertigo, vestibular rehabilitation therapy (VRT) is often recommended. VRT involves performing certain head and eye movement exercises administered by a physical or occupational therapist. The goal is to improve eye tracking abilities and retrain the brain to compensate for inner ear balance issues. VRT can help the vestibular system relearn and strengthen connections that determine balance and spatial orientation. Studies show VRT is a highly effective treatment option for many types of vertigo.
Other Balance Therapy Options
When vestibular rehabilitation may not be enough, other specialized balance therapies may be used alone or in combination with VRT. Epley and canalith repositioning maneuvers are performed by a physician to move particles in the inner ear canal. These maneuvers are often successful in resolving benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). For labyrinthitis and Ménière’s disease patients, gentamicin and corticosteroid injections directly into the inner ear through the eardrum may control vertigo spells. Electrical stimulation devices that enhance vestibular system signals through electrodes placed behind the ears are also being studied.
Surgery for Vertigo
In rare cases when vertigo does not respond to any conservative treatments, surgical options may be considered. Decompression surgery can relieve pressure on inner ear balance nerves contributing to vertigo. Surgery to repair a superior canal dehiscence syndrome is also possible. Cochlear implants have had success controlling vertigo for some Ménière’s disease patients. Select patients with severe, treatment-refractory vertigo may benefit from vestibular nerve sectioning surgery, which deactivates the inner ear balance system on one side. However, surgery for vertigo should only be contemplated after all other treatments have been exhausted.
Managing expectations is important when it comes to finding a cure for vertigo. While treatment options continue to advance, vertigo often requires a long term multidisciplinary approach involving both drug and non-drug management strategies together. Patients are encouraged to remain patient yet persistent by working closely with their doctor to identify the most effective individualized treatment plan.
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